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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

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Determining 3D Flow Fields via Multi-camera Light Field Imaging

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Published on: March 6, 2013

Ray-based extraction of 5D optical information using a uni-form light transformation framework.

Minho Choi, Jaewu Choi

|September 23, 2025

Summary

We developed a simple forward framework called uni-form light transformation (ULT) to extract 5D ray information from focal stacks. This method enhances structural preservation and directional interpretation in microscopy, even in scattering conditions.

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Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Published on: May 20, 2013

Area of Science:

Microscopy and optical imaging
Biophysics
Computational imaging

Background:

Conventional microscopy struggles with extracting 5D ray information (spatial and angular) from focal stacks.
Dense or scattering conditions in biological samples obscure detailed structural and directional information.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a deterministic and intuitive forward framework for extracting five-dimensional (5D) ray information from conventional focal stacks.
To enable robust extraction of directional and depth-resolved structure, even under dense or scattering conditions.

Main Methods:

Developed uni-form light transformation (ULT), a forward framework for processing 2D image focal stacks.
ULT transforms focal images to isolate optical contributions from selected locations, maintaining shape and brightness.
Validated the approach using widefield fluorescence microscopy data of *C. elegans*.

Main Results:

Demonstrated robust extraction of directional and depth-resolved structure.
Achieved improved structural preservation compared to conventional deconvolution methods.
Enabled better angular occlusion interpretation and viewpoint-resolved imaging.

Conclusions:

The uni-form light transformation (ULT) framework provides an effective method for 5D ray information extraction from focal stacks.
ULT offers significant advantages in structural preservation and directional analysis, particularly in challenging imaging scenarios.
This technique advances capabilities in biological imaging and structural analysis.