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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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Consider two charges of equal magnitude but opposite signs. If they cannot be separated by an external electric field, the system is called a permanent dipole. For example, the water molecule is a dipole, making it a good solvent.
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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Polarization compensation for entanglement-based quantum key distribution.

Shi-Hua Yin, Tian-Wang Luo, Wen-Juan Jiang

    Optics Express
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a new adaptive algorithm to stabilize polarization in quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. This method improves efficiency and security against channel disturbances, crucial for quantum networks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Optical Communications
    • Applied Physics

    Background:

    • Polarization entanglement is vital for quantum key distribution (QKD).
    • Channel polarization perturbations degrade QKD efficiency and security.
    • Existing compensation methods for entanglement-based QKD are slow and unstable.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and evaluate a novel polarization compensation scheme for entanglement-based QKD.
    • To address the limitations of current polarization compensation techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • An adaptive gradient descent algorithm was developed for polarization compensation.
    • The scheme was tested on a 10 km single-sided fiber channel.
    • Performance was evaluated under random and periodic polarization perturbations.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed scheme demonstrated long-term stability of polarization states.
    • Average compensation time was 248 ms.
    • Achieved average entanglement source visibility of 83.43% and quantum error rate of 8.28%.

    Conclusions:

    • The adaptive gradient descent scheme effectively mitigates polarization perturbations in entanglement-based QKD.
    • This method enhances the stability and reliability of QKD systems.
    • The results are significant for developing long-distance, multi-node quantum communication networks.