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The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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Optical measurement system based on a fractional orbital angular momentum beam interferometer and simple image

Long Wang, Xiaoli Yin, Yawen Sun

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    |September 23, 2025
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    This study introduces a novel fractional orbital angular momentum (FOAM) beam interferometer for precise optical measurements. The FOAM interferometer accurately measures micromotion and velocity with high resolution, simplifying calculations and reducing errors in optical sensing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metrology
    • Optical Sensing

    Background:

    • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams are vital in optical measurement systems.
    • Existing OAM interferometers face challenges with computational complexity and errors due to rotation angle calculations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a novel optical measurement system using a fractional OAM (FOAM) beam interferometer.
    • To overcome the limitations of traditional OAM interferometers by simplifying calculations and enhancing accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical derivation of the sinusoidal dependence of FOAM-Gaussian beam interference intensity on phase difference.
    • Experimental implementation of the FOAM interferometer to measure target micromotion and velocity.
    • Analysis of measurement accuracy concerning target motion uniformity and sampling points.

    Main Results:

    • Experimental relative error below 1% for displacements >100 nm for uniformly moving targets.
    • Relative error of 1.42% achieved for non-uniformly moving targets.
    • Experimental resolution estimated at 0.26 nm, demonstrating nanometer-scale displacement detection capability.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed FOAM interferometer offers a simplified and accurate method for optical measurements.
    • This technology advances OAM-based interferometer design and expands applications of FOAM beams in precision metrology and optical sensing.