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Large detection range and high sensitivity fiber optic interferometric micro-displacement sensor based on an N-type

Yong Wei, Jing Yang, Chunlan Liu

    Optics Express
    |September 23, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents an N-shaped fiber optic sensor for precise micro-displacement detection. It achieves a large 3 mm range and high -24.7 nm/mm sensitivity, overcoming previous limitations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Mechanical Engineering

    Background:

    • Fiber optic interferometric sensors struggle to balance large detection range and high sensitivity.
    • Existing designs often face limitations due to material properties like Young's modulus.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a fiber optic interferometric micro-displacement sensor with both a large detection range and high sensitivity.
    • To introduce a novel N-shaped structure for enhanced micro-displacement sensing capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a single-mode, few-mode, and single-mode (SFS) fiber structure within a pre-bent N-shaped capillary steel tube.
    • Utilizing the straightening of the optical fiber within the steel tube under tensile micro-displacement to induce significant curvature changes.
    • Monitoring interference valley wavelength shifts to quantify micro-displacement.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a detection range of 0-3 mm for micro-displacement.
    • Demonstrated high sensitivity of -24.7 nm/mm.
    • The sensor exhibits low temperature crosstalk and high mechanical strength.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed N-shaped fiber optic sensor effectively overcomes the trade-off between detection range and sensitivity in micro-displacement sensing.
    • This design offers a new approach for high-performance fiber optic sensing.
    • The sensor shows significant potential for applications in precision monitoring.