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    We developed a fast thermo-optic switch using silicon nitride for reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits (PICs). This novel design enables rapid optical control for applications in sensing, LiDAR, and quantum computing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Materials Science
    • Integrated Optics
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are essential for advanced applications.
    • Fast optical switches are critical for on-demand reprogramming of optical functions.
    • Silicon nitride (SiN) offers a promising platform for visible-wavelength photonics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a fast thermo-optic switching mechanism on a silicon nitride platform.
    • To leverage parity-time symmetry breaking for enhanced switching performance.
    • To enable efficient optical switching at visible wavelengths (775 nm).

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a cladding-free, partially metal-covered waveguide on silicon nitride on insulator.
    • Utilizing a thermo-optic effect triggered by a weak thermo-optic coefficient material.
    • Investigating parity-time symmetry breaking for optical switching.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a 7.1 µs rise time for a π phase shift, demonstrating fast switching.
    • Demonstrated minimal optical loss in a metal-covered waveguide, an unusual finding.
    • Confirmed reproducible fabrication metrics for the designed device.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed thermo-optic switch offers a fast and robust solution for PICs.
    • The cladding-free, metal-covered waveguide design is effective at visible wavelengths.
    • This technology holds potential for large-scale photonic networks and visible-light applications.