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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

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All-optical color image encryption using multimode fiber speckles and diffractive deep neural networks.

Ruibo Lan, Yang Li, Hanyang Shen

    Optics Express
    |September 23, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a novel all-optical encryption system using orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams and multimode fiber (MMF) speckle, decoded by diffractive deep neural networks (D2NNs). This system offers high-speed, secure image transmission resilient to environmental interference.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Information Security
    • Machine Learning

    Background:

    • Traditional encryption methods often require significant computational resources.
    • High-speed and secure image transmission remains a challenge, especially in dynamic environments.
    • Deep learning approaches, while powerful, can be computationally intensive.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate an all-optical image encryption system that bypasses the computational burden of deep learning.
    • To achieve high-speed and secure color image transmission with robustness against environmental disturbances.
    • To integrate orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, multimode fiber (MMF) speckle encryption, and diffractive deep neural network (D2NN) decoding.

    Main Methods:

    • Encoding image data (grayscale values and color channels) into topological charges and spatial positions of OAM beams.
    • Transmitting OAM beams through a 1-meter MMF, introducing speckle-based ciphertexts due to environmental factors.
    • Utilizing two parallel, decoupled D2NN modules for decoding the encrypted speckles after training on noisy samples.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved 98.75% accuracy in RGB channel decryption and 96.53% in grayscale value recovery.
    • Decrypted 512x512 color images with Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) values above 0.95.
    • Demonstrated ultra-high fidelity and strong robustness against interference.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed OAM-MMF-D2NN framework enables computation-free, interference-resilient, and ultra-fast all-optical image encryption.
    • This system provides a foundation for advanced secure optical communication systems.
    • The integration of OAM, MMF speckle, and D2NNs offers a novel solution for optical security.