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Interference: Path Lengths

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

Experimental validation of the diagonal optical path properties: mitigating phase errors in interferometric-based

S Mohammad Reza Safaee, Kaveh Rahbardar Mojaver, Odile Liboiron-Ladouceur

|September 23, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method to calibrate Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based optical processors by using diagonal optical paths. This technique improves accuracy and reduces computational load for programming these devices.

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Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

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Published on: April 1, 2020

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

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Area of Science:

Photonics and Optical Engineering
Integrated Optics
Quantum Computing Hardware

Background:

Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) are key components in optical processing.
Calibration and programming of MZIs are challenging due to imperfections and uncertainties.
Existing methods often require computationally intensive schemes.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an efficient calibration and programming methodology for MZI-based optical processors.
To leverage diagonal optical path properties for direct phase monitoring.
To suppress calibration errors and eliminate complex programming schemes.

Main Methods:

Utilized diagonal optical path properties for direct phase monitoring of MZI phase shifters.
Developed a benchmarking procedure to assess testbed fidelity.
Experimentally validated the approach on a 4x4 interferometric mesh (silicon-on-insulator).

Main Results:

Calibration was unaffected by phase-setting uncertainties in preceding/succeeding blocks on a diagonal path.
Fine-tuning via the diagonal path reduced matrix-vector multiplication error by 79% compared to offline calibration.
Demonstrated suppression of calibration errors from spurious scattered light.

Conclusions:

Diagonal path properties offer a practical and scalable solution for MZI calibration and programming.
The proposed methodology enhances the fidelity and efficiency of reconfigurable multiport interferometers.
Direct phase monitoring simplifies calibration and improves optical processor performance.