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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • System Design
    • Aberration Analysis

    Background:

    • Aberration analysis is crucial for optimizing optical imaging systems.
    • Nodal aberration theory connects system aberrations to misaligned optical elements via the aberration field decenter vector (AFDV).
    • Existing methods for AFDV calculation are limited to specific system structures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a detailed solving model for calculating the AFDV in arbitrary reflective optical systems.
    • To establish an aberration-based alignment method for misaligned systems.
    • To demonstrate the implications for optical system design, desensitization, and alignment.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a generalized AFDV solving model for reflective systems.
    • Derivation of AFDV calculation formulas for specific design examples.
    • Application of AFDV formulas for aberration node prediction.
    • Establishment of an aberration-based alignment technique for a four-mirror system.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed model accurately calculates AFDV for arbitrary reflective systems with a relative error of 0.63%.
    • Aberration nodes were correctly predicted using the derived AFDV formulas.
    • An alignment method recovered over 98% of system performance in a misaligned four-mirror system after one alignment.

    Conclusions:

    • The research provides a versatile method for AFDV calculation in complex optical systems.
    • The developed aberration-based alignment method significantly enhances optical system performance.
    • This work offers valuable insights for optical system design, desensitization, and alignment.