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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
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Theoretically predicting extraterrestrial passive daytime radiative cooling on Earth.

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    Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) offers energy-free cooling. This study identifies key factors for PDRC material performance in simulated space environments, crucial for future space exploration applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Thermodynamics
    • Space Engineering

    Background:

    • Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) enables sub-ambient cooling without energy input.
    • PDRC research is extensive on Earth but scarce in extraterrestrial contexts.
    • Simulating space conditions for PDRC is challenging but necessary.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate factors influencing PDRC material cooling limits in space.
    • To establish a relationship between Earth-based and space-based PDRC performance.
    • To improve ground-based simulations of extraterrestrial PDRC.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic analysis of PDRC performance under simulated extraterrestrial conditions.
    • Investigation focused on cold source temperature and heat conductivity.
    • Evaluation of factors affecting maximum temperature drop in simulated environments.

    Main Results:

    • Identified critical parameters for PDRC cooling limits in space.
    • Determined the influence of cold source temperature and heat conductivity.
    • Established a basis for optimizing ground-based simulations.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding PDRC in space requires accurate simulation.
    • Recommendations provided for cold source temperature and conductive heating selection.
    • Enhanced simulations will advance PDRC applications in space exploration.