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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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  11. Design Of Highly Efficient Wideband Multilayer Coated Blazed Gratings Providing Constant Cff-factor Or Deviation Angle In The Tender X-ray Region

Design of highly efficient wideband multilayer coated blazed gratings providing constant Cff-factor or deviation angle in the tender X-ray region

Igor V Kozhevnikov, Shengyou Wen, Qiushi Huang

    Optics Express
    |September 23, 2025

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    View abstract on PubMed

    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A universal approach designs wideband multilayer gratings for tender X-ray (2-3 keV) applications. These gratings achieve high diffraction efficiency across a broad spectral range with constant factors or deviation angles.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • X-ray Optics

    Background:

    • Multilayer coated blazed gratings are crucial for X-ray spectroscopy.
    • Designing gratings for wide spectral ranges and specific diffraction geometries presents challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a universal approach for designing wideband multilayer coated blazed gratings.
    • To achieve high diffraction efficiency in the tender X-ray region (2-3 keV) under various diffraction conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a universal design approach for multilayer coated blazed gratings.
    • Employed depth-graded Cr/C multilayer structures for grating coatings.
    • Operated gratings in the -1st diffraction order.

    Main Results:

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    • Demonstrated gratings with constant factor Cff = 2.52 and diffraction efficiency of 29% ± 2%.
    • Achieved gratings with constant deviation angle ψ = 4.75° and diffraction efficiency of 17.5% ± 1.5%.
    • Maintained high diffraction efficiency across the 2-3 keV spectral range.

    Conclusions:

    • The universal approach enables the design of efficient wideband gratings for tender X-ray applications.
    • The designed gratings are suitable for experiments requiring constant incidence angle, constant Cff-factor, or constant deviation angle.
    • Depth-graded Cr/C multilayers are effective for achieving desired grating performance.