Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

9.2K
Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
9.2K
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

16.0K
Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
16.0K
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

12.3K
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
12.3K
Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

10.8K
The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
10.8K
Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:29

Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

1.8K
Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...
1.8K
Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:28

Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

919
Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
919

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Light-controlled microgripper punches above its weight.

Nature·2026
Same author

Phonon-polaritonic skyrmions: transition from bubble- to Néel-type.

Light, science & applications·2026
Same author

Tunable polaritonic topologies generated by non-local photonic modes.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Tunable Skyrmion, Meron, and Skyrmion Bag Textures in Surface Phonon Polariton Lattices.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)·2026
Same author

Polarization-Dependent Elliptical and Rectangular Mie Voids.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Vibrational Fingerprinting of Gas Mixtures Using COCO-QEPAS.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

High-resolution Fiber-optic Microendoscopy for in situ Cellular Imaging
13:49

High-resolution Fiber-optic Microendoscopy for in situ Cellular Imaging

Published on: January 11, 2011

35.1K

Side-looking endoscopic micro-optics: comparison between state-of-the-art two-photon polymerization printing

Jan Niklas Bauer, Leander Siegle, Claudia Imiolczyk

    Optics Express
    |September 23, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study compares two-photon polymerization (2PP) and two-photon grayscale lithography (2GL) for 3D printing medical devices. Results show differences in printing quality and speed between the two methods for fabricating optical coherence tomography endoscopes.

    More Related Videos

    Author Spotlight: Modular Neuronal Networks for Analyzing Brain Functions
    07:38

    Author Spotlight: Modular Neuronal Networks for Analyzing Brain Functions

    Published on: June 7, 2024

    2.3K
    Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging
    07:14

    Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging

    Published on: April 11, 2025

    1.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 6, 2026

    High-resolution Fiber-optic Microendoscopy for in situ Cellular Imaging
    13:49

    High-resolution Fiber-optic Microendoscopy for in situ Cellular Imaging

    Published on: January 11, 2011

    35.1K
    Author Spotlight: Modular Neuronal Networks for Analyzing Brain Functions
    07:38

    Author Spotlight: Modular Neuronal Networks for Analyzing Brain Functions

    Published on: June 7, 2024

    2.3K
    Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging
    07:14

    Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging

    Published on: April 11, 2025

    1.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Additive Manufacturing
    • Optical Engineering
    • Biomedical Devices

    Background:

    • Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is a key fabrication method alongside formative and subtractive processes.
    • Two-photon polymerization (2PP) enables high-precision microfabrication for applications in communication, electronics, and medicine.
    • Micro-optical components, like endoscopes, can be precisely manufactured using 2PP.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the fabrication capabilities of two-photon polymerization (2PP) and two-photon grayscale lithography (2GL).
    • To evaluate the printing quality, speed, and optical performance of side-looking optical coherence tomography (OCT) endoscopes produced by these methods.
    • To analyze the microscopic appearance and topography deviations of 3D-printed OCT endoscopes.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized two commercial 3D printers: Photonic Professional GT (PPGT) and Quantum X.
    • Employed both two-photon polymerization (2PP) and two-photon grayscale lithography (2GL) printing modes.
    • Assessed microscopic appearance, quantified topography deviations, and measured optical performance via beam profiles.

    Main Results:

    • Presented detailed microscopic observations of the 3D-printed endoscopes.
    • Quantified topographical inaccuracies, highlighting differences between 2PP and 2GL.
    • Analyzed optical performance, comparing beam profiles generated by each printing technique and machine.

    Conclusions:

    • Both 2PP and 2GL are viable for fabricating OCT endoscopes, with distinct trade-offs in quality and speed.
    • The choice between 2PP and 2GL depends on specific application requirements for precision and fabrication time.
    • State-of-the-art 3D printers offer advanced capabilities for producing complex micro-optical medical devices.