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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Disrupted Structure-Function Integration in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Impact on Cognitive Flexibility.

Xing Qian1, Dani S Bassett2,3,4,5,6,7, Kwun Kei Ng1

  • 1Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Human Brain Mapping
|September 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients show altered brain structure-function integration, particularly in the executive control network, impacting cognitive flexibility. These changes are linked to poorer performance on cognitive tasks and clinical factors in SLE.

Keywords:
cognitive flexibilityfunctional MRIstructural connectivitystructural–functional integrationsystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Cognitive Function

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease often associated with cognitive dysfunction.
  • Cognitive flexibility, crucial for daily functioning, relies on integrated brain structure and function.
  • The specific brain alterations underlying reduced cognitive flexibility in SLE remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in brain structure-function integration in SLE patients.
  • To determine the relationship between these alterations and cognitive flexibility.
  • To explore the role of the executive control network (ECN) in these changes.

Main Methods:

  • Employed diffusion MRI and task-based fMRI during the Montreal Card Sorting Test (MCST) in 22 SLE patients and 60 healthy controls.
  • Quantified brain structural-functional alignment and liberality to assess integration.
  • Analyzed subnetworks within the ECN (ECN-A, ECN-B, ECN-C) and their association with cognitive performance and clinical variables.

Main Results:

  • SLE patients exhibited globally higher liberality and lower alignment compared to controls, primarily within the ECN.
  • Specific alterations were noted in ECN-A and ECN-B, but not ECN-C.
  • Increased liberality and decreased alignment in the ECN correlated with poorer cognitive flexibility (MCST performance) in SLE patients and across all participants.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant structure-function integration within the fronto-parietal ECN is a key feature of SLE.
  • These disruptions significantly impact cognitive flexibility in SLE.
  • Findings suggest that impaired ECN structure-function integration contributes to cognitive impairment in SLE and may be influenced by clinical factors.