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Cooling Crystallization at Solid Interfaces en Route to a Janus Nanocatalyst.

Jiale Li1, Tao Gan2, Ruohan Yu3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel Janus electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production. This advanced catalyst utilizes the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) as an alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), significantly improving energy efficiency and stability.

Keywords:
Janus structurecooling crystallizationelectrospinningsolid interfacesurea oxidation reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis is kinetically sluggish, limiting hydrogen production efficiency.
  • Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) presents a more energy-efficient alternative to OER for hydrogen generation.
  • Designing efficient catalysts for the complex, multi-electron UOR is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate multi-metallic RuNiW/W2C Janus nanoparticles as efficient electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR).
  • To investigate the structural and electronic properties of the Janus catalyst and their influence on UOR performance.
  • To demonstrate the potential of this catalyst in a urea-assisted electrolyzer for sustainable hydrogen production.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of multi-metallic RuNiW/W2C Janus nanoparticles using a cooling crystallization strategy guided by carbophilicity differences.
  • Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles using advanced techniques (details not specified in abstract).
  • Electrochemical testing of the catalyst's performance for both UOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and long-term stability tests in a urea-assisted electrolyzer.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized Janus electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding bifunctional performance for UOR and HER.
  • Achieved a low potential of 1.40 V vs RHE for UOR and 133 mV overpotential for HER at 100 mA cm-2.
  • Demonstrated continuous operation of a urea-assisted electrolyzer for over 200 hours.
  • Experimental and computational studies confirmed that the Janus structure optimizes urea adsorption and lowers the energy barrier for the rate-determining step.

Conclusions:

  • The developed RuNiW/W2C Janus nanoparticles are highly efficient electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction.
  • The Janus structure effectively modulates electronic properties, enhancing catalytic activity and stability.
  • This work offers a new strategy for designing advanced Janus electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production.