Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in the Fabrication of Synthetic Vocal Fold Models for Phonetic and Robotic Applications
Published on: January 5, 2024
Standardisation of an AI-based vocal fold assessment tool on a recurrent respiratory papillomatosis model
Mikolaj Buchwald1, Piotr Nogal2, Jan Nowak1
1Network Services Department, Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Objective:
The assessment of extension of papilloma growth in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) on vocal folds can be performed quantitatively utilising artificial intelligence (AI).
Methods:
This study evaluated the efficacy of an AI-based annotation system, Glottis Coverage - Artificial Intelligence and Deep learning (GC-AID) in 4 patients to assess affected mucosa in white light (WL) and narrow band imaging modalities as a case-study for future applications.
Results:
In healthy larynges, the mean difference between areas of the right and left vocal folds was minimal (2.6%). For patient # 4, following treatment, RRP coverage in WL decreased from 69.5% to 42.6%. A similar improvement was observed for patient # 1, while no significant benefits were noted for patients # 2 and # 3.
Conclusions:
The extent of RRP was precisely measured with GC-AID before and after treatment. Obtaining objective, quantitative results was possible with frame extraction and annotation using the system described herein.
Related Concept Videos
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Palpation
Thoracic Palpation
Thoracic palpation detects tenderness, masses, lesions, respiratory excursions, and vocal fremitus. The nurse assesses...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:

