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Characterizing VEXAS syndrome in women: Findings from an international multicenter study
Rim Bourguiba1,2, Valentin Lacombe3,4, David Beck5
1Internal Medicine Department, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, DMU 3iD, CEREMAIA, ERN RITA, Paris, France.
Background:
VEXAS syndrome is an autoinflammatory disease caused by somatic UBA1 mutations on the X chromosome, predominantly affecting men.
Objective:
To characterize VEXAS syndrome in women and to compare the features of VEXAS syndrome between sexes.
Methods:
We conducted an international, multicenter study, including 12 women and 301 men with genetically confirmed VEXAS syndrome. Data were collected using a standardized case report form. Bone marrow analyses and molecular investigations were performed locally.
Results:
Clinical features, age at onset, UBA1 mutation type, variant allele frequency, and mortality were comparable between sexes. Acquired X monosomy was found in 6/8 tested women. Additional clonal mutations were present in 3/5 tested women. Three additional UBA1-mutated women without typical inflammation are described separately.
Conclusion:
VEXAS syndrome affects women with clinical features similar to men, supporting the need for UBA1 testing in women with compatible presentations. X monosomy is common but not universal, suggesting alternative pathogenic mechanisms.
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