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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Retinal hypoxia reversal with PLGA-oxygen nanobubbles.

Anika Bushra1,2, Wen Ren3,2, Daniel Um3,2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Biomaterials Science
|September 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New oxygen nanobubbles (ONBs) show promise for treating eye diseases caused by hypoxia. These poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanobubbles (PLGA-ONBs) effectively deliver oxygen, are biocompatible, and demonstrated safety in animal models.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Ophthalmology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Retinal hypoxia underlies numerous vision-threatening pathologies like diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion.
  • Current therapeutic strategies for these conditions remain limited, necessitating novel treatment approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) shell-based oxygen nanobubbles (PLGA-ONBs) platform.
  • To evaluate the biocompatibility, hypoxia mitigation potential, and biosafety of PLGA-ONBs for treating ischemic eye diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized the synthesis of PLGA-ONBs using varying sonication power, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and NaHCO3 concentrations.
  • Characterized PLGA-ONBs for particle concentration, hydrodynamic diameter, and oxygen loading capacity.
  • Assessed *in vitro* biocompatibility and hypoxia reversal potential in Muller and R28 retinal cell lines.
  • Evaluated *in vivo* biosafety in a rabbit model.

Main Results:

  • Optimized PLGA-ONBs exhibited a concentration of (13.8 ± 0.01) × 10^10 particles/ml, a hydrodynamic diameter of 142.83 ± 11.46 nm, and oxygen loading of 47.2 ± 2.4 mg L^-1.
  • PLGA-ONBs demonstrated excellent oxygen retention (38.9 ± 2.9 mg L^-1 after 4 weeks) and *in vitro* biocompatibility.
  • Treatment with PLGA-ONBs restored key hypoxic gene expression (HIF-1α, PAI-1, VEGF-A) to normoxic levels in retinal cells.
  • PLGA-ONBs showed promising biosafety in a rabbit model.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PLGA-ONBs platform offers significant oxygen loading and retention capabilities.
  • PLGA-ONBs demonstrate potent hypoxia mitigation potential and excellent biocompatibility for retinal cells.
  • The demonstrated biosafety profile suggests PLGA-ONBs hold promise for clinical translation in treating ocular ischemic diseases.