Targeted PFAS Removal Using MXene-Based Polymeric Membranes: Toward Cleaner Water Solutions

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become pollutants of significant concern due to their chemical resilience and harmful effects on both the environment and human health. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on developing efficient techniques for the removal of PFAS from water sources. Among these, polymeric membranes have demonstrated strong potential for PFAS separation and purification. Surface modification of polymeric membranes using two-dimensional (2D) materials, particularly MXenes, has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance membrane performance. The integration of MXenes into polymeric matrices has been shown to significantly improve membrane selectivity, permeability, and overall efficiency in PFAS remediation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis strategies for MXene-based polymeric membranes and their applications in removing various PFAS compounds from aqueous environments. It covers fabrication techniques, evaluates the structural and functional properties of the resulting membranes, and explores the mechanisms governing PFAS-membrane interactions. Additionally, the review highlights key technological challenges and provides recommendations for future research to advance MXene-enabled water purification technologies.