Pressure control versus volume control invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatrics: A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
• Respiratory Physiology
• Mechanical Ventilation

Background:

• Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a cornerstone of pediatric intensive care, primarily for acute lower respiratory infections.
• These infections cause increased airway resistance and decreased lung compliance, potentially leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
• Optimizing IMV in pediatric ARDS remains a clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the physiological basis of different mechanical ventilation modes.
• To discuss the clinical application of these modes in pediatric critical care.
• To compare pressure control and volume control ventilation in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of physiological principles.
• Analysis of clinical applications of ventilation modes.
• Comparison of pressure and volume control strategies.

Main Results:

• Pressure control ventilation is preferred in pediatrics but may pose risks in certain conditions.
• Volume control ventilation can be advantageous in obstructive lung diseases, preventing hyperinflation.
• Pressure control ventilation allows protective parameter adjustments but may increase flow-related damage.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the physiological differences between ventilation modes is crucial for optimizing IMV in children.
• Mode selection should be tailored to the specific respiratory condition (obstructive vs. restrictive).
• Further research may clarify the optimal use of different modes in pediatric critical care.