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Y-box binding proteins in immunity and RNA virus infection
Tania Strilets1,2, Mariano A Garcia-Blanco2,3
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|September 23, 2025
Summary
Y-box binding proteins (YBXs) regulate RNA stability, localization, and translation. This review explores YBX functions, RNA interactions, and roles in autoimmune diseases and viral infections.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
Background:
- Y-box binding proteins (YBXs) are conserved nucleic acid-binding proteins.
- YBXs interact with RNA to modulate stability, localization, and translation.
- Three human YBX paralogs exist with distinct functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biochemical activities and biological functions of human YBX paralogs.
- To highlight RNA features recognized by YBXs and their paralog-specific recognition mechanisms.
- To discuss YBX interactions with non-coding RNAs in autoimmune diseases and RNA viruses.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of YBXs' biochemical activities and biological functions.
- Analysis of RNA features (motifs, modifications, structures) bound by YBXs.
- Exploration of YBX roles in cellular homeostasis, immune activation, and viral replication.
Main Results:
- YBXs exhibit diverse biochemical activities and biological functions.
- Specific RNA sequence motifs, modifications, and secondary structures are recognized by YBXs.
- YBXs interact with non-coding RNAs implicated in autoimmune diseases and influence RNA virus life cycles.
Conclusions:
- YBXs play critical roles in RNA regulation, cellular homeostasis, and immunity.
- Understanding YBX-RNA interactions can elucidate autoimmune disease mechanisms.
- RNA viruses can serve as tools to investigate YBX biology and functions.
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