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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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Synergic Coordination Effect in Nonflammable Deep Eutectic Electrolyte for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Ao Xu1, Li Zhao1, Jingyuan Yu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) using N-methylacetamide and sodium-difluoro(oxalato)borate for safer sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This advanced electrolyte enhances conductivity, stability, and performance, paving the way for next-generation energy storage.

Keywords:
Coordination regulationDeep eutectic electrolytesNonflammableSodium‐ion batteriesStable interfacial compatibility

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) are crucial for advancing safe sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).
  • A key challenge is developing DEEs that balance conductivity, interfacial compatibility, and safety.
  • Existing DEEs often struggle to meet these demanding requirements for high-performance SIBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a novel DEE for SIBs by combining N-methylacetamide (NMA) and sodium-difluoro(oxalato)borate (NaDFOB).
  • To investigate the synergistic interactions (Na-bonds and hydrogen bonds) within the DEE and their impact on battery performance.
  • To evaluate the electrochemical properties, interfacial compatibility, and cycling stability of the developed DEE in SIBs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a DEE by mixing N-methylacetamide (NMA) and sodium-difluoro(oxalato)borate (NaDFOB).
  • Characterization of the DEE's ionic conductivity, oxidation voltage, and nonflammability.
  • Electrochemical testing of NVP||Na cells and full cells using the developed DEE, including cycling performance, rate capability, and elevated temperature stability.

Main Results:

  • The engineered DEE exhibits high ionic conductivity (4.03 mS cm⁻¹ at 25 °C) and a high oxidation voltage (4.63 V vs. Na⁺/Na).
  • The DEE demonstrates nonflammability and enhanced electrode-electrolyte interfacial compatibility.
  • NVP||Na cells show excellent cycling performance (86.8% retention after 7000 cycles at 5 C) and rate capability, with robust performance at elevated temperatures.
  • Full cells achieve significant improvements in cycle stability (90.7% retention after 300 cycles) and rate performance.

Conclusions:

  • The synergistic interplay between Na-bonds and hydrogen bonds in the NMA-NaDFOB DEE is key to its superior performance.
  • This amide-based DEE offers a promising avenue for designing advanced electrolytes for high-performance and safe sodium-ion batteries.
  • The developed DEE significantly advances the potential of SIB technology for future energy storage applications.