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Copper-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses with Multifunctional Properties.

Sudipta Kandari1, Divya1, Surbhi Gupta2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|September 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Catalyst choice in sol-gel synthesis significantly impacts copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glasses (Cu-MBGs). Acid catalysis optimizes textural properties, enhancing bioactivity and biocompatibility for bone regeneration and infection control.

Keywords:
biomineralizationcytocompatibilityhemostasishigh surface areamesoporous bioactive glass

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) doped with therapeutic metal ions are crucial for bone regeneration, promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
  • Copper-doped MBGs (Cu-MBGs) offer antibacterial properties and enhanced biological functions.
  • Existing research often focuses on dopant concentration, not synthesis parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the effect of different sol-gel catalysts on the textural properties and local atomic structure of ternary SiO2-CaO-P2O5 mesoporous glass doped with 5 mol% copper ions (5Cu-MBGs).
  • To correlate these structural and textural modifications with in vitro bioactivity, ion release kinetics, hydroxyapatite formation, and hemocompatibility.
  • To establish catalyst selection as a rational design strategy for tailoring Cu-MBG biological responses.

Main Methods:

  • Modified sol-gel procedure combined with evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) to synthesize 5Cu-MBGs.
  • Systematic variation of sol-gel catalysts (acetic acid, NH4OH, both, or none) to tune material properties.
  • Structural and textural analyses (BET, porosimetry, spectroscopy) and in vitro bioactivity assays (apatite formation, ion release) and hemolysis tests.

Main Results:

  • Catalyst choice profoundly influences surface area, pore size, and silanol (Si-OH) density of 5Cu-MBGs.
  • Surface area and silanol content correlate with ion release kinetics, hydroxyapatite formation, and hemocompatibility.
  • The acid-assisted route yielded 5Cu-MBGs with superior textural features and Si-OH groups, leading to enhanced dissolution, bioactivity, and biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • Catalyst selection during sol-gel synthesis is a critical factor in controlling the properties and biological performance of Cu-MBGs.
  • Acid-catalyzed synthesis provides a pathway to engineer advanced Cu-MBGs with optimized bioactivity and biocompatibility for bone regeneration and infection control.
  • This study presents a novel strategy for designing functionalized mesoporous bioactive glasses by rational control of synthesis parameters.