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Published on: June 17, 2025
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Outcome Measurement in Clinical Research: A Scoping Review
Billal Tedbirt1, Eva W H Korte2, Marjolein A J Hiel2
1Department of Dermatology, Centre de Reference des Maladies Bulleuses Autoimmunes, Rouen University Hospital and INSERM U1234, Normandie University, CHU Rouen, 1 Rue de Germont, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France. billal.tedbirt@chu-rouen.fr.
Background:
Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare autoimmune bullous disease that predominantly affects mucosae. Treatments for MMP often lack robust evidence and may be poorly tolerated, especially in elderly patients.
Objective:
This scoping review aims to provide an overview of MMP outcome measurement of the last two decades by mapping and listing all previously reported outcomes and outcome measurement instruments (OMIs).
Design:
A large scoping review was performed in scientific databases and trial registries (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Clinicaltrials.gov) covering January 2002 to December 2023. Clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, and systematic reviews were included, while retrospective studies were excluded.
Results:
Thirty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, including 20 prospective cohort studies, 13 systematic reviews, and 6 clinical trials. A total of 285 outcomes were extracted verbatim and categorized into 29 domains and 9 overarching areas. The most commonly reported outcome areas were related to clinical response, safety, and resource use. The majority were investigator-reported outcomes (85%), with only 8% being patient-reported. Various OMIs (n = 14) were employed, including the Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (MMPDAI) score and tools for assessing ocular impairment and quality of life. Reported outcomes and OMIs are very diverse due to the heterogeneity in the presentation of MMP.
Conclusions:
The standardized use of consensus-based outcome definitions and high-quality instruments that consider the patient perspective is expected to increase the efficacy of future MMP research and can be achieved by consensus-based selection of outcomes and critical appraisal of the measurement properties of OMIs.
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