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Selection of Behavior Change Techniques for Asthma Medication Adherence Apps: Evidence-Based Design Study.

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  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

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Summary

This study identified 24 behavior change techniques (BCTs) for mobile apps to improve medication adherence in adults with asthma. These evidence-based BCTs target specific influences on preventer inhaler use, enhancing app effectiveness.

Keywords:
app designacceptabilityappapps for medication adherenceasthmabehaviorbehavior changedecisiondecision-makingdesignmedicationmedication adherencepatient adherencepatient outcomepracticability

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Digital Health
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Poor medication adherence is a significant healthcare problem, increasing costs and negatively impacting patient outcomes.
  • Mobile apps offer a scalable solution for adherence interventions, but often lack rigorous behavioral design.
  • Nonadherence to asthma preventer inhalers is common, necessitating targeted interventions addressing its diverse influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify acceptable and practical behavior change techniques (BCTs) for a mobile app promoting medication adherence.
  • To address specific factors influencing preventer inhaler adherence in adults with asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Influences on inhaler adherence were identified through literature reviews and expert knowledge.
  • Influences were mapped to mechanisms of action (MoAs) using the Theory and Techniques tool.
  • Candidate BCTs were selected based on their potential to change MoAs, then filtered for acceptability and practicality.

Main Results:

  • 31 influences on adherence were identified, mapping to 15 MoAs.
  • An initial list of 41 candidate BCTs was generated.
  • The final recommended list includes 24 BCTs after filtering for acceptability and practicality.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides an evidence-based list of 24 BCTs for mobile apps to enhance adherence to preventer inhalers.
  • App developers can use this list to improve adherence support, and healthcare decision-makers can identify effective apps.