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Infection and telomere length: A systematic review.

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Infections may accelerate aging by shortening telomere length (TL). While HIV shows a link to reduced TL, evidence for other infections is inconsistent, necessitating further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and aging research
  • Infectious diseases and public health

Background:

  • Infections are implicated in age-related diseases like dementia.
  • Accelerated immunological aging, measured by telomere length (TL), is a potential mechanism.
  • The link between specific infections and TL or telomere attrition requires clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on the association between infections and telomere length (TL) or telomere attrition.
  • To identify research gaps and inform future studies on this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health, Cochrane Library) were conducted.
  • Studies were screened, data extracted, and risk of bias assessed using ROBINS-E.
  • Due to heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was performed, with evidence quality evaluated using GRADE.

Main Results:

  • Of 10,349 identified studies, 73 met eligibility criteria; most were cross-sectional and published post-2000.
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was the most studied infection, with 79% of studies reporting an association with reduced TL or increased telomere attrition.
  • Findings for other infections (e.g., herpesviruses) were variable, and most studies had high risk of bias, leading to a very low GRADE evidence quality rating.

Conclusions:

  • A potential association exists between HIV and telomere length/attrition.
  • More robust, longitudinal studies with standardized measurements and better confounder control are crucial, especially for non-HIV infections.
  • PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42023444854.