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Trends in ischemic heart disease and thromboembolism-related mortality in the United States, 1999-2024: A

Muhammad Shaheer Bin Faheem1, Yumna Fatima2, Syeda Umbreen Munir3

  • 1Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMS, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Thrombosis Research
|September 23, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and thromboembolism remains a concern, with recent years showing an upward trend. Disparities persist among older adults, men, minorities, and non-metropolitan residents, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular epidemiology
  • Public health surveillance
  • Mortality trends analysis

Background:

  • Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and thromboembolism are leading causes of cardiovascular mortality in the U.S.
  • Thrombosis underlies both arterial and venous events, including stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
  • An aging population and increased risk factors like obesity and diabetes necessitate understanding long-term mortality trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess national trends in IHD- and thromboembolism-associated mortality from 1999 to 2024.
  • To examine variations in mortality by age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and urban-rural classification.
  • To inform future public health programs and interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CDC WONDER data (1999-2024) for mortality data on IHD (ICD codes I20-I25) and thromboembolism (ICD codes I74, I26, I80-I82) in individuals aged 45 and older.
  • Calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000, stratified by demographic and geographic factors.
  • Employed Joinpoint regression to analyze average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC).

Main Results:

  • A total of 70,339 deaths were attributed to IHD and thromboembolism between 1999 and 2024.
  • The overall AAMR showed a slight decrease from 2.6 in 1999 to 2.3 in 2024 (AAPC: -1.16), but exhibited fluctuations, including a recent rise.
  • Highest AAMRs were observed in individuals aged 85+, men, Non-Hispanic Black or African American, residents of the South, and non-metropolitan areas.

Conclusions:

  • Despite an overall stable trend, recent years show a concerning increase in mortality from IHD and thromboembolism.
  • Significant disparities in mortality burden persist across age, sex, race, and geographic location, particularly affecting older adults, men, minorities, and non-metropolitan residents.
  • Targeted and equitable public health interventions are crucial to reduce mortality in high-risk populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
CDC WONDER DataCardiovascular mortality trendsHealth disparitiesIschemic heart diseaseThromboembolism

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