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Small for gestational age as a predictor of developmental coordination disorders: Exploring early risk from Japan

Hiroyoshi Iwata1, Maki Tojo1, Kenji J Tsuchiya2

  • 1Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

Brain & Development
|September 23, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Small for gestational age (SGA) is a potential risk factor for developmental coordination disorder (DCD). This study integrated data from three Japanese birth cohorts to investigate this link in pediatric development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Development
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Child Health Research

Background:

  • Small for gestational age (SGA) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are significant concerns in pediatric development.
  • Understanding the link between SGA and DCD is crucial for early intervention and support.
  • Existing research on the SGA-DCD relationship is limited to single-cohort studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate findings on DCD from multiple cohorts within the Japanese Birth Cohort Consortium (JBiCC).
  • To investigate the association between SGA and DCD using a larger, combined dataset.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from three prospective birth cohorts within the JBiCC: Hokkaido Study, HBC Study, and TMM BirThree Cohort Study.
  • Assessed DCD in children aged 4-7 years using the DCDQ-J or ASQ-3.
  • Performed logistic regression within each cohort, followed by meta-analysis and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • Included 14,233 children across three cohorts.
  • Meta-synthesis of two cohorts showed a significant association (β = -2.63, 95% CI [-5.22, -0.03]).
  • IPD meta-analysis confirmed this association (β = -2.76, 95% CI [-5.38, -0.15]).

Conclusions:

  • Small for gestational age (SGA) is suggested as a potential risk factor for developmental coordination disorder (DCD).
  • The findings support the need for increased awareness and screening for DCD in SGA infants.
  • This integrated analysis provides robust evidence strengthening the association between SGA and DCD.
Abstract

Keywords:
Birth cohortDevelopmental coordination disorderSmall for gestational age

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