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A Protocol for Housing Mice in an Enriched Environment

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Mouse Papillomavirus Outbreak in a Research Facility.

Kristin E Killoran¹, Matthew W Breed¹, Melody E Roelke-Parker¹

¹1Laboratory Animal Medicine, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland.

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS

|September 23, 2025

Summary

Mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) research poses containment challenges, leading to long-lasting facility contamination. This study details methods for MmuPV1 detection, eradication, and decontamination in research settings.

Keywords:

CRL, Charles River’s diagnostic laboratory HPV, human papillomavirus INTC, internal control MmuPV1, mouse papillomavirus PPE, personal protective equipment Pmel, B6.Cg-Thy1a/Cy Tg(TcraTcrb)8Rest/J qPCR, quantitative PCR

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Virology
Infectious Disease Modeling
Laboratory Animal Science

Background:

Mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) is a valuable model for studying human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and vaccine strategies.
Species-specific viral models can pose risks to research facilities, particularly when natural infection history is not fully understood.
Containment of MmuPV1 in research settings presents significant challenges, potentially leading to environmental contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

To report on the unexpected, long-lasting environmental contamination caused by MmuPV1 in a large research facility.
To detail the methods used to identify, survey, and eliminate MmuPV1 from an infected facility.
To describe the development and success of decontamination procedures for MmuPV1.

Main Methods:

Identification of symptomatic index cases of MmuPV1 in nude mice.
Widespread environmental and animal surveying within an approximately 10,000 cage facility.
Development and implementation of targeted eradication and decontamination protocols.

Main Results:

Widespread MmuPV1 contamination was identified throughout the facility, affecting various mouse strains and immunocompetencies.
MmuPV1 infections were detected many years after its experimental use, indicating persistence.
Successful elimination of MmuPV1 was achieved through evolved decontamination procedures.

Conclusions:

MmuPV1 containment is challenging and can result in persistent, widespread environmental contamination in research facilities.
Effective methods for MmuPV1 identification, surveillance, and eradication are crucial for maintaining research integrity and safety.
The study provides a successful model for managing and decontaminating facilities affected by MmuPV1.