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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Scalable Nanohelices for Predictive Studies and Enhanced 3D Visualization

Scalable Nanohelices for Predictive Studies and Enhanced 3D Visualization

Published on: November 12, 2014

Multiscale Modeling Approach to Chiral Nanocluster Self-Assembly.

Neha Yadav¹, Vikas Tiwari¹, Soumya Mondal¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016 New Delhi, India.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

|September 23, 2025

Summary

Calcium ions guide the self-assembly of silver nanoclusters into chiral superstructures. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal how these interactions control nanomaterial formation for advanced applications.

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Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

Published on: October 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Nanoscience
Materials Science
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Controlled formation of chiral microstructures from functionalized nanoparticles is a significant challenge.
Molecular-level mechanisms governing nanoparticle self-assembly are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the self-assembly of [Ag9(o-MBA)9]9- nanoclusters in the presence of calcium ions.
Understand the molecular mechanisms driving chiral superstructure formation.

Main Methods:

Atomistic and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Simulated self-assembly of monolayer-protected metal nanoclusters.

Main Results:

Atomistic MD revealed dynamic silver cores and site-specific Ca2+ binding.
CG MD simulated large systems over extended time scales.
Nanoclusters assembled into linear chains that coiled into chiral superstructures.

Conclusions:

Calcium-mediated interactions are crucial for chiral self-assembly of nanoclusters.
Established a computational framework for designing chiral nanomaterials.