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Interventions to Address Disparities in Perinatal Outcomes by Ethnicity: A Systematic Review
Sara Sorrenti1,2, Smriti Prasad3, Nouran Elbarbary3
1Fetal Medicine Unit, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|September 24, 2025
Summary
Interventions like enhanced fetal surveillance and continuity of midwifery care show promise for improving perinatal outcomes in ethnic minority women. More high-quality research is needed to address disparities.
Area of Science:
- Perinatal health disparities
- Maternal-fetal medicine
- Public health interventions
Background:
- Ethnic minority women experience higher rates of adverse perinatal outcomes.
- Socio-economic and systemic barriers exacerbate these risks.
- Targeted interventions are crucial for improving maternal and infant health in these populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review interventions aimed at improving perinatal outcomes for ethnic minority women.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of various intervention categories, including clinical management, education, treatments, and models of care.
- To identify gaps in research and highlight areas for future investigation.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Databases up to February 2024.
- Inclusion of studies on interventions for pregnant women from ethnic minority groups.
- Data extraction and quality assessment by two independent reviewers.
Main Results:
- 36 studies involving over 72,000 women were analyzed.
- Clinical management interventions (e.g., fetal surveillance, preeclampsia screening) reduced stillbirth and perinatal death rates.
- Models of care, including midwifery continuity and home visits, improved maternal satisfaction and obstetric outcomes.
- Educational programs showed mixed results, with family-focused initiatives improving satisfaction but provider-focused ones showing no significant impact.
Conclusions:
- A lack of focused attention and limited high-quality studies exist for improving perinatal outcomes in ethnic minority women.
- Educational and social support programs within models of care show promise.
- Further large-scale, high-quality research is essential to address these disparities effectively.
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