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Breeding and rearing squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in captivity.

J N Kaplan

    Laboratory Animal Science
    |August 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Establishing a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) breeding colony achieved high conception and birth survival rates. A mixed-sex group strategy proved most effective for successful primate breeding and development.

    Area of Science:

    • Primate research
    • Animal behavior
    • Conservation biology

    Background:

    • Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) are crucial models for developmental behavioral research.
    • Establishing a self-sustaining breeding colony is essential for consistent research supply.
    • Previous breeding programs lacked detailed data on optimal strategies and outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish and maintain a breeding colony of squirrel monkeys for behavioral research.
    • To optimize breeding strategies for high conception and viable birth rates.
    • To assess the feasibility of communal rearing for infant squirrel monkeys.

    Main Methods:

    • Established a colony with founders from Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia.
    • Implemented a breeding strategy using mixed-sex groups (10-15 females, 2-3 males) before the mating season.

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  • Monitored conception rates, birth viability, infant survival, and growth.
  • Separated neonates from mothers for communal rearing and assessed developmental outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Colony size reached 125 adult females, 20 adult males, and 120 immatures over 10 years.
    • Achieved an average annual conception rate of 68% over 5 years.
    • Recorded 84% viable births with 82% survival past 6 months.
    • Identified peak birth season from May to September (87%).
    • Communal rearing resulted in growth and development comparable to mother-reared infants.

    Conclusions:

    • A mixed-sex group housing strategy is highly effective for squirrel monkey breeding.
    • The established colony demonstrates successful and sustainable breeding practices.
    • Communal rearing is a viable alternative for infant squirrel monkeys, supporting normal development.