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A solution for dysfunctional dilution: real-time detection of malfunctioning automated disinfectant dispensers using
Jennifer L Cadnum1, Elizabeth C Eckstein2, Abhishek Deshpande3
1Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
|September 24, 2025
Abstract:
Automated dispensers that dilute concentrated disinfectants with water are commonly used but can malfunction. We provide proof-of-principle that incorporating indicators into wipe products could be an effective method to provide environmental services staff with real-time visual indication that disinfectants are present and at correct concentrations with every use.

