Recent Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles: Nucleic Acid Therapeutics and Targeting Strategies

In the realm of drug delivery, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become a revolutionary platform asthey provide a flexible and effective pathway for the administration of a variety of therapeutic agents, particularly with respect to the target-specific delivery of physiologically "fragile" materials, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA). The increased access to sophisticated generations of LNPs and the growing need for noninvasive, precision treatment technology that can bypass physiological barriers and reduce adverse effects have sparked the growth and development of this field. In the current scenario, researchers are directing their efforts to address particular issues, including increasing tissue selectivity, increasing payload capacity, and reducing immune system activation. Here, we provide a comprehensive discussion of LNPs, commencing from their fundamental composition and development to their use in nucleic acid delivery, innovative ionizable lipid synthesis techniques and targeting mechanisms. This review highlights the increasing importance of LNPs in contemporary medicine and their potential to revolutionize drug delivery systems.