Efficacy of High-Dose Atorvastatin Loading in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Undergoing...

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality despite advances in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) techniques. High-dose statin loading has emerged as a potential cardioprotective strategy to optimize acute outcomes through pleiotropic effects beyond lipid reduction. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy and safety of high-dose atorvastatin loading in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, from inception to May 2024. Five randomized controlled trials involving 559 patients met the inclusion criteria, comparing 80 mg atorvastatin loading with standard or no loading strategies. The evidence demonstrates significant benefits in reducing the no-reflow phenomenon and significant relative risk reduction. High-dose atorvastatin loading consistently reduced inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, while improving endothelial function parameters. Angiographic outcomes showed improvements in myocardial blush grade and corrected TIMI frame count. However, translation to hard clinical endpoints such as major adverse cardiovascular events showed inconsistent results across studies. The safety profile was reassuring, with no significant increases in hepatotoxicity, myopathy, or other statin-related adverse events. Despite promising mechanistic benefits, the heterogeneity in study designs, small sample sizes, and short follow-up periods limits definitive conclusions regarding optimal dosing strategies and patient selection criteria. Future large-scale trials with standardized protocols and long-term follow-up are needed to establish the clinical utility of high-dose atorvastatin loading in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.