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A two-stage sequential optimization framework for bioenergy and solar energy development.

Chih-Chun Kung1, Juan Li2, Shan-Shan Kung3

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Taiwan faces energy insecurity, prompting renewable energy development. This study optimizes bioenergy and solar power integration, revealing potential energy gains but highlighting land-use challenges for agrivoltaics.

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Area of Science:

  • Energy Policy
  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Engineering

Background:

  • Taiwan imports the majority of its energy, leading to significant energy insecurity.
  • Slow growth in bioenergy development necessitates exploring alternative renewable energy sources.
  • Government initiatives are focused on diversifying energy portfolios with renewables.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a two-stage optimization framework for integrating agricultural, bioenergy, and solar energy sectors.
  • To assess the impact of bioenergy development on land-use change and regional solar energy capacity.
  • To evaluate the potential of agrivoltaic programs in Taiwan's energy landscape.

Main Methods:

  • A two-stage sequential optimization framework was employed.
  • The first stage optimized social welfare for agricultural and bioenergy sectors.
  • The second stage incorporated land-use changes to examine regional solar energy capacity.

Main Results:

  • Biopower production estimates range from 5,816 to 1,640 GWh, with biofuel production between 4.9 and 504 million liters.
  • Emission offsets from bioenergy range from 0.35 to 3.49 million tons, influenced by emission prices and technological transitions.
  • Solar energy potential is 811 to 1,041 GWh, offsetting up to 1.13 million tons of emissions.
  • Agrivoltaic programs could collectively yield up to 6,855 GWh annually.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating bioenergy and solar energy presents a viable strategy for enhancing Taiwan's energy security.
  • Land-use transfer due to bioenergy development poses a significant challenge for long-term solar energy program sustainability.
  • Agrivoltaic systems offer substantial energy generation potential but require careful land-use management.