Factors Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening among Women at Selected District Hospital, Rwanda

Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of screening services, uptake remains low. This study assessed cervical cancer screening prevalence and associated factors among women at Masaka Hospital.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 337 women aged 18-50 years at Masaka Hospital's outpatient department. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected via pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaires. The chi-square test was used to determine the association of the factors (independent variables) with screening uptake (dependent variable). In contrast, quantification of the association was done using logistic regression analysis.

The prevalence of cervical cancer screening was 32.94%. Limited health education (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.350-0.956) and fear of pain (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.373-0.970) significantly reduced screening likelihood. Age, education level, and employment status also influenced participation.

Screening uptake remains low, highlighting the need for awareness campaigns and community outreach. Addressing misconceptions and reducing fear through education can enhance participation. Collaboration among healthcare providers, policymakers, and community leaders is crucial to increasing screening rates and reducing the burden of cervical cancer in Rwanda.