Difference Equation Solution using z-Transform
Downsampling
Second Order systems II
Integrator and Differentiator
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion II
Partial Fractions
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High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
Published on: June 27, 2025
Mohammed Ali Mohammed Moqbel1,2, Talal Ahmed Ali Ali1,2,3, Zhu Xiao1,2
1College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
This study introduces an improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) for designing generalized digital fractional-order differentiators (GFODs). The novel method achieves highly accurate GFOD approximations with reduced implementation complexity, suitable for digital signal processing.
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