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Electrical Power01:07

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Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
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Electrical Energy01:10

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Using electric appliances for a longer period of time consumes more electrical energy and results in a higher electric bill. The energy produced by the transfer of electrons from one point to another is known as electrical energy. If power is delivered at a constant rate, the electrical energy can be defined as the product of power used by the device for a period of time. The energy unit on electric bills is the kilowatt-hour, where one kilowatt-hour is equivalent to 3.6 × 106 joules.
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Power in an AC Circuit01:26

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In a DC circuit, the power consumed is simply the product of the DC voltage times the DC current, given in watts. However, the power consumed for AC circuits with reactive components is calculated differently. Since electrical power is the "rate" at which energy is used in a circuit, all electrical and electronic components and devices have a safe operating range for electrical power.
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When an electric field accelerates a free positive charge q, it is given kinetic energy. The process is analogous to an object accelerated by a gravitational field as if the charge were going down an electrical hill where its electric potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Of course, the sources of the forces are very different. The work done on a charge q by the electric field in this process helps to develop a definition of electric potential energy.
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In electrical engineering, the analysis of networks composed of passive linear components — resistors (R), capacitors (C), and inductors (L) — is fundamental. These components are organized into circuits where the relationship between input and output can be analyzed using transfer functions. The transfer function of an RLC circuit, which relates the voltage across a capacitor to the input voltage, can be derived using Kirchhoff's laws.
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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
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Intent-aware knowledge graph-based model for electrical power material recommendation.

Lin Zhao1, Ning Luan1, Weihua Cheng1

  • 1Jiangsu Electric Power Information Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China.

Peerj. Computer Science
|September 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an intent-aware knowledge graph model for electrical material recommendations. The model enhances accuracy by capturing user intent and preferences, outperforming existing methods.

Keywords:
Graph neural networksRecommender systemTopic modelTransformer

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Power Material Management
  • Recommender Systems
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Accurate electrical material recommendations are crucial for effective management.
  • Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) enhance recommendations by integrating node information and structure.
  • Current GNN-based systems lack explicit user intent modeling, limiting performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an intent-aware knowledge graph-based model (IKG-EMR) for electrical material recommendation.
  • To address the limitation of current GNNs in capturing user intent.
  • To improve the accuracy and effectiveness of electrical material recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Intent-Aware Knowledge Graph-based Electrical Material Recommendation (IKG-EMR) model.
  • Utilized a graph neural network (GNN) on a tripartite graph (User-Item-Topic) for intent and item embeddings.
  • Employed a multi-head attention network (Transformer) to extract user preferences from behavior sequences.
  • Integrated user preference and intent features using an adaptive fusion with attention network.

Main Results:

  • The proposed IKG-EMR model effectively models user preferences and intent.
  • Experimental results on real-life electric power materials demonstrate superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.
  • IKG-EMR achieves enhanced recommendation accuracy by incorporating user intent.

Conclusions:

  • The IKG-EMR model offers a significant advancement in electrical material recommendation systems.
  • Explicitly modeling user intent is key to improving recommendation quality.
  • The approach provides a robust framework for personalized recommendations in electrical power material management.