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Deep vision-based real-time hand gesture recognition: a review.

Cui Cui1,2, Mohd Shahrizal Sunar1,2, Goh Eg Su1,2

  • 1Media and Game Innovation Centre of Excellence (MaGICX), Institute of Human Centered Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

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|September 24, 2025
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Summary

Deep learning models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and attention mechanisms significantly improve hand gesture recognition accuracy and efficiency. This review analyzes their performance, datasets, and evaluation metrics, identifying research gaps for future advancements.

Keywords:
Ablation studyDeep learningEvaluation metricSelf-created datasetsUnderlying models

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Hand gesture recognition is crucial for human-computer interaction but faces challenges like background noise, motion blur, and processing delays.
  • Deep learning approaches, including CNN, LSTM, and attention mechanisms, have emerged to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare deep learning models (CNN, LSTM, attention mechanisms) for hand gesture recognition.
  • To analyze evaluation metrics, datasets, and ablation studies used in deep learning-based gesture recognition.
  • To identify research gaps and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and attention mechanisms.
  • Discussion of evaluation metrics (accuracy, efficiency), datasets (self-created, public), and ablation study methodologies.
  • Synthesis of existing research on deep learning for hand gesture recognition.

Main Results:

  • CNN enhances edge clarity, LSTM improves rotation accuracy, and attention mechanisms optimize response time in hand gesture recognition.
  • Performance evaluation is critically dependent on the choice of metrics and dataset diversity.
  • Ablation studies reveal insights into model components, preprocessing, and integration strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Deep learning models offer significant improvements in hand gesture recognition accuracy and efficiency.
  • Further research is needed to address accuracy, efficiency, application range, and environmental adaptation.
  • Optimizing model performance requires careful consideration of evaluation metrics, datasets, and experimental design.