Reviews in Medical Education: A Step-by-Step Framework for Learning Transcranial Doppler Interpretation

In cerebrovascular pathologies, the transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is a tool heavily relied on for neuromonitoring and diagnostic purposes. Interpreting TCD studies requires an in-depth understanding of the basic principles of ultrasound physics, flow hemodynamics, and the integration of TCD-related metrics. Despite the significant role TCD can play in monitoring and diagnosing cerebrovascular pathologies, many neurology trainees and other healthcare professionals receive limited instruction on interpreting TCD studies, and a few practical guides exist to support their learning. This review equips educators and learners with a structured, step-by-step approach to teaching and learning TCD interpretation, focusing on fundamental concepts and common vascular patterns that can help clinicians grasp the basics of this tool. By leveraging a clinically oriented framework, this article can support educators in neurology training programs and help bridge the educational gap in TCD interpretation.