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Textured Lead-Free Ceramic with High Thermal Stability and Electrical Quality Factor.

Aman Nanda¹, Sumanta Kumar Karan¹, Shankar Kunwar¹

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|September 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a textured (K,Na)NbO3 ceramic with enhanced piezoelectric properties. The material shows excellent thermal stability and fatigue resistance, making it suitable for energy harvesting applications.

Keywords:

TSDC dielectric loss energy harvesting, fatigue lead‐free piezoelectric textured ceramics thermal stability

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Chemistry
Ceramics Engineering

Background:

Maintaining high piezoelectric figures of merit (FOM) in (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics across varying temperatures and electric fields is a significant challenge.
Piezoelectric materials are crucial for sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting devices, necessitating robust performance under diverse conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a textured (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramic with improved piezoelectric properties, thermal stability, and fatigue resistance.
To investigate the effects of texturing and MnO2 doping on the electromechanical performance and energy harvesting capabilities of the material.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a textured K0.48Bi0.02Na0.5Nb0.92Sb0.04Zr0.04O3 ceramic using NaNbO3 templates.
Optimization of microstructural orientation and MnO2 doping (0.1 mol%) to enhance electrical quality factor (Qe).
Characterization of piezoelectric coefficients (d33, k31), strain response, P-E and S-E loops, and energy harvesting performance under various conditions.

Main Results:

Achieved a high texture degree of ~98% with piezoelectric coefficients d33 = 570 pC/N and k31 = 0.4 at room temperature.
Improved electrical quality factor (Qe) from 22 to 33 through MnO2 doping.
Demonstrated excellent fatigue resistance up to 10^6 cycles and a maximum output power of ~50 µW for energy harvesting.

Conclusions:

The combination of defect engineering (Mn doping) and microstructural engineering (texturing) significantly enhances the electromechanical properties of (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics.
The developed material exhibits a promising balance of high piezoelectric performance, thermal stability, and fatigue resistance, suitable for practical energy harvesting applications.