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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography
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Systemic Surveillance Guidelines for Uveal Melanoma: A Systematic Review.

Farzana Y Zaman1, Aisha Ghaus1, Mark Shackleton1,2

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology
|September 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Systemic surveillance for uveal melanoma (UM) recurrence is crucial. Current evidence quality is variable, highlighting a need for standardized Australian guidelines for surveillance imaging in UM patients.

Keywords:
choroidal neoplasmrecurrencesurveillanceuveal melanoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor.
  • UM has a high risk of metastatic recurrence, primarily to the liver.
  • Standardized Australian guidelines for surveillance imaging are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on systemic surveillance methods following local treatment for UM.
  • To examine current practices and evidence quality for UM surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of Medline, Embase, and PubMed databases (2010-2024).
  • Keywords: uveal melanoma, surveillance.
  • Inclusion of guidelines, consensus statements, cohort studies, case-control studies, and reliability analyses.

Main Results:

  • Six guidelines and 13 additional studies were identified.
  • Risk stratification and surveillance strategies varied significantly.
  • Higher-risk patients recommended increased surveillance frequency (≥6 months) and MRI over ultrasound.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence quality for optimal surveillance in localized primary UM is variable and heterogeneous.
  • A need exists to define local practices and outcomes to inform future guidelines.
  • Further research is required to establish standardized surveillance protocols.