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Updated: Aug 2, 2026
Generation and Grafting of Tissue-engineered Vessels in a Mouse Model
Published on: March 18, 2015
Decellularized vascular matrix material-based TEVG coated with PRP for anti-degradation and anti-inflammation
Shui-Lan Wu1,2,3, Jian-Yi Xu2,3, Xu-Heng Sun3
1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Background:
Vascular regeneration is closely associated with the inflammatory response and the degradation rate of implants. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains various cytokines and proteins, and autologous PRP can be used to treat implants to reduce the inflammatory response.
Objective:
To reduce the immune rejection response and degradation rate of implants in vivo by incorporating different derivatives of PRP.
Methods:
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) were separately mixed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), fibrin (FIB), platelet growth factor (PGF), and a PGF blend to prepare different extracellular matrix (ECM) implants for cell co-culture and subcutaneous transplantation experiments in rats. The cytokines transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-alpha released by macrophages were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue morphology was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E staining), Masson's trichrome staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The impact of TEVGs on macrophages was evaluated through immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Subcutaneous transplantation in rats was assessed using H&E and Masson's staining, along with immunofluorescence staining for CD206 and CD86 to observe cell numbers and the M2/M1 (alternatively activated macrophages/classically activated macrophages) ratio.
Results:
PBS, FIB, PGF, and the PGF blend exhibited distinct morphologies under scanning electron microscopy. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated an increase in the M2/M1 ratio with PGF and PGF-coated groups, improved water absorption capacity, and delayed metabolism of ECM materials in vivo . Additionally, PRP downregulated multiple inflammation-related genes, thereby reducing the inflammatory response.
Conclusion:
PGF and PGF-coated TEVGs reduced the immune rejection response in subcutaneous transplantation and decreased degradation by mitigating collagen loss in the implants.
