Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 17, 2026
Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
Published on: April 22, 2019
Adjuvant immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy: a multicenter
Chunji Chen1, Ziqiang Tian2, Jiangbo Lin3,4,5
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Background:
Although adjuvant immunotherapy demonstrated an improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) within the chemoradiotherapy cohort of the CheckMate 577 trial, its efficacy and role following NCIT remain to be elucidated. This large-sample, multicenter, real-world study aims to assess survival benefits of adjuvant immunotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCIT) followed by R0 resection.
Methods:
This multicenter retrospective study (eight centers, January 2019-March 2023) included 724 ESCC patients undergoing NCIT and R0 resection. Propensity score matching (PSM) balanced 262 patients per group: NCIT + Surgery (NCIT + S) vs. NCIT + Surgery + adjuvant immunotherapy [NCIT + S + ICI (immune checkpoint inhibitors)]. Primary endpoints were 2-year overall survival (OS) and DFS; secondary endpoints included recurrence patterns.
Findings:
Median follow-up: 31.2 months (IQR 24.0-39.9). Post-PSM analysis showed no significant OS benefit [2-year OS: 80.0% vs. 84.5%, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-1.70, P = 0.12] or DFS improvement (77.7% vs. 72.6%, HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.69-1.37, P = 0.69) for NCIT + S vs. NCIT + S + ICI. Adjuvant immunotherapy was not independently protective for OS (HR = 0.87, P = 0.48) or DFS (HR = 1.03, P = 0.87). However, subgroup analyses revealed OS benefits in Non-MPR (major pathological response) patients (63.9% vs. 81.7%, HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05-3.03, P = 0.035) and non- pathological complete response (pCR) patients (74.9% vs. 84.3%, HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.19-2.10, P = 0.031). Recurrence rates did not differ (local: 15.3% vs. 20.2%, P = 0.50; distant: 16.8% vs. 21.6%, P = 0.17).
Interpretation:
Adjuvant immunotherapy provided no survival benefit in the overall NCIT-treated ESCC cohort but improved OS in patients with residual tumor (Non-MPR/Non-pCR). Further studies are warranted to refine patient selection for adjuvant immunotherapy in this setting.
More Related Videos
05:57ADSC-sheet Transplantation to Prevent Stricture after Extended Esophageal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Published on: February 10, 2017
04:04Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer
Published on: February 12, 2017
Related Concept Videos
01:27Tumor Immunotherapy
01:28Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
02:56Treatment Resistant Cancers