A novel hybrid deep learning model for segmentation and uzzy Res-LeNet based classification for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive illness that can cause behavioural abnormalities, personality changes, and memory loss. Early detection helps with future planning for both the affected person and caregivers. Thus, an innovative hybrid Deep Learning (DL) method is introduced for the segmentation and classification of AD. The classification is performed by a Fuzzy Res-LeNet model. At first, an input Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) image is attained from the database. Image preprocessing is then performed by a Bilateral Filter (BF) to enhance the quality of image by denoising. Then segmentation is carried out by the proposed O-SegUNet. This method integrates the O-SegNet and U-Net model using Pearson correlation coefficient-based fusion. After the segmentation, augmentation is carried out by utilizing Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to address class imbalance. After that, feature extraction is carried out. Finally, AD classification is performed by the Fuzzy Res-LeNet. The stages are classified as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), AD, Cognitive Normal (CN), Early Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI), and Late Mild Cognitive Impairment (LMCI). Here, Fuzzy Res-LeNet is devised by integrating Fuzzy logic, ResNeXt, and LeNet. Furthermore, the proposed Fuzzy Res-LeNet obtained the maximum performance with an accuracy of 93.887%, sensitivity of 94.587%, and specificity of 94.008%.