Treatment Approaches and Growth Parameters in Pediatric ADHD: Examining Differences Across Race

Area of Science:

• Pediatric mental health
• Pharmacological treatment
• Health equity

Background:

• Racial disparities in pediatric mental health diagnosis and treatment are recognized.
• Stimulant medications are primary for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) but raise growth concerns.
• Understanding treatment variations across racial groups is crucial for equitable care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate racial disparities in the pharmacological treatment of pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
• To analyze the relationship between race, socioeconomic status, treatment patterns, and growth outcomes in pediatric ADHD patients.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of treatment history, growth data, and demographics for 197 pediatric ADHD patients.
• Comparison of medication prescriptions (stimulants, atomoxetine, antidepressants, antipsychotics) across racial groups.
• Assessment of height and BMI Z-scores in relation to race and treatment.

Main Results:

• Black and Hispanic patients were younger, had lower socioeconomic status, and longer follow-up than White patients.
• White patients received significantly more antidepressant prescriptions than other racial groups (p < 0.001), despite similar comorbidity rates.
• A decrease in height Z-scores was observed in the overall cohort, with an increase in BMI Z-scores noted in Hispanic patients.

Conclusions:

• Significant racial disparities persist in the pharmacological management of pediatric ADHD.
• Further research is essential to identify and address biases contributing to inequities in ADHD treatment and improve patient outcomes.