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Early Intervention for Children With Cleft Palate: First Report on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of

Tomoko Mori1,2,3, Toko Hayakawa2,4, Chisako Inoue1,2,3

  • 1Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.

Congenital Anomalies
|September 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Early speech intervention for children with cleft palate significantly boosts cognitive development, particularly verbal IQ. This early intervention program shows promising results for enhancing crystallized intelligence in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Speech-Language Pathology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Craniofacial Anomalies Research

Background:

  • Early intervention is crucial for children with cleft palate.
  • An Early Intervention Program (EI Program) was established in 2010.
  • This study evaluates the EI Program's impact on cognitive development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between EI Program participation and cognitive development in children with cleft palate.
  • To assess the effectiveness of early speech intervention.
  • To identify cognitive differences between EI participants and controls.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 33 children in the EI group with 40 control children (cleft palate, post-palatoplasty).
  • Administered the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) at age four.
  • Assessed full-scale IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ.

Main Results:

  • Children with cleft palate showed higher performance IQ and lower verbal IQ than norms.
  • The EI group had significantly higher full-scale IQ and verbal IQ than the control group.
  • Verbal IQ, reflecting crystallized intelligence, was positively impacted by the EI program.

Conclusions:

  • Early speech intervention via the EI Program may enhance crystallized intelligence in children with cleft palate.
  • Participation in the EI Program is associated with improved cognitive outcomes.
  • Findings support the importance of comprehensive early intervention for this population.

Keywords:
WPPSIcleft palateearly interventionspeech therapy

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