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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Published on: May 25, 2012

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease.

Shawn R Gilbert¹, Jennifer C Laine, Benjamin D Martin

¹From the Children's of Alabama, UAB Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Birmingham, AL (Gilbert), Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, University of Minnesota Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Paul, MN (Laine), Division of Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine, Children's National Washington, DC (Martin), Division of Orthopedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (Sankar), and Center of Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, International Perthes Study Group, Dallas, TX (Kim).

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

|September 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is childhood hip osteonecrosis. Treatment aims to preserve hip function by maintaining femoral head containment and range of motion.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Orthopedics
Pediatric Bone Diseases

Background:

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a childhood hip condition involving femoral head osteonecrosis.
It follows a predictable course: bone death, revascularization, resorption, and reossification.
Outcomes vary with age at diagnosis, with younger children generally having better prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathophysiology, natural history, and treatment strategies for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.
To highlight challenges in demonstrating treatment superiority and areas of current research focus.

Main Methods:

Literature review of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.
Analysis of natural history, diagnostic factors, and treatment outcomes.
Discussion of current research trends in imaging and pathophysiology.

Main Results:

The final outcome depends on the healed femoral head's shape and acetabular congruence.
Treatment aims to maintain femoral head containment and joint range of motion.
Treatment strategies include non-surgical (restricted weight-bearing, exercises, bracing) and surgical (osteotomies, joint distraction) options.

Conclusions:

Demonstrating the superiority of specific treatments is challenging due to the condition's rarity and variable course.
Current research focuses on improved imaging predictors and understanding disease pathophysiology.
Effective management requires preserving hip function and minimizing mechanical damage to the femoral head.