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Exploring CHIT1 and YKL-40 in tuberculous pleural effusion: Insights and implications
Natalia Przysucha1, Magdalena Paplińska-Goryca1, Katarzyna Górska1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|September 24, 2025
Summary
YKL-40, a chitinase-like protein, shows elevated levels in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and correlates with macrophages and adenosine deaminase activity, suggesting its role in pleural inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Biomarkers
- Inflammation
Background:
- Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins are involved in lung disease pathophysiology.
- Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and YKL-40 are key proteins of interest.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate CHIT1 and YKL-40 significance in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE).
- Identify cellular sources of these proteins.
- Assess their diagnostic potential as TPE biomarkers.
Main Methods:
- Observational, retrospective study of 66 patients with various pleural effusions.
- Measured pleural fluid levels of YKL-40 and CHIT1.
- Assessed protein expression in tuberculous pleural granulomas via immunohistochemistry.
Main Results:
- TPE exhibited the highest median CHIT1 and YKL-40 levels.
- YKL-40 was significantly higher in TPE compared to parapneumonic and transudative effusions.
- YKL-40 levels strongly correlated with macrophage percentage and adenosine deaminase activity in TPE.
- Strong YKL-40 expression was observed in tuberculoid pleural granulomas.
Conclusions:
- YKL-40 may contribute to the pleural inflammatory response in tuberculosis.
- CHIT1 does not appear to play a significant role in this inflammatory process.
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