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A framework for selecting Nature-based Solutions: applications and challenges at the catchment scale.

Awais Naeem Sarwar1, Cristina Caramiello1, Francesco Pugliese1

  • 1Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Italy.

Journal of Environmental Management
|September 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a GIS-based framework to identify and prioritize Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for water management at the catchment scale. It helps integrate NbS into landscape planning, supporting regional and Sustainable Development Goals.

Keywords:
Decision matrixEcosystems classificationGeographic information system (GIS)Nature-based solutions (NbS)SWOT analysisStakeholders

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Background:

  • Nature-based Solutions (NbS) offer multifaceted benefits for environmental and societal challenges.
  • Integrating NbS into catchment-scale landscape planning is complex due to their interdisciplinary nature.
  • Limited frameworks exist for systematically identifying and prioritizing NbS in water resource management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a multi-disciplinary GIS-based framework for identifying, selecting, and prioritizing NbS.
  • To focus the application of NbS on water resources availability and management at the catchment scale.
  • To enhance stakeholder engagement and co-design in NbS implementation.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-level catchment categorization based on ecosystem, climate, and geomorphology.
  • Development of an NbS catalog (Decision Matrix) linked to catchment classifications.
  • Spatial mapping of potential NbS solutions within categorized catchment areas.
  • Integration of technical outputs with local stakeholder perspectives.

Main Results:

  • The GIS-based framework successfully identified potential NbS implementation areas in the Bode River catchment.
  • The framework demonstrated reliability and replicability across different contexts and policy landscapes.
  • The study supports the creation of baseline NbS maps for priority area identification.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework effectively supports the integration of NbS into catchment-scale landscape planning.
  • It facilitates stakeholder engagement, knowledge sharing, and co-design in decision-making processes.
  • The framework guides investments towards achieving regional goals and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).