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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

In Vitro Model of Physiological and Pathological Blood Flow with Application to Investigations of Vascular Cell Remodeling
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Building a Fluid Therapy Plan

Joseph R Frame1, Lori S Waddell2

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 535 Titan Street, Philadelphia, PA 19147, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|September 24, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
BolusDehydrationFluid therapyMaintenanceReplacementTonicity

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